How do you set prices with confidence?
At a glance:
The first number a customer sees becomes the yardstick. Set your own yardstick. Use credible high anchors, clean middle options, and honest comparisons to steer buyers without trying to serve the whole market.
WHAT IT IS
Anchoring is the behavioral quirk where an initial reference price skews how every other price feels. In practice, you choose what shows up first (top tier, “compare-at” bundle, former price, or a simple side-by-side alternative), and that anchor becomes the yardstick. Anchoring works whether you show one hero offer plus a reference or a small menu of tiers; three options is a common pattern because it gives buyers real choice without overwhelming them.
WHY IT MATTERS
Raises realized price ethically: The right anchor lifts acceptance of profitable options without haggling.
Clarifies your ladder: Anchors make Good/Better/Best spacing legible instead of arbitrary.
Protects brand: Honest anchors (not fake “was $X”) build trust and long-run pricing power.
CASE FILE
Costco’s $1.50 Hot-Dog Combo: The Price Image Anchor
“I came to (Jim Sinegal) once and I said, ‘Jim, we can’t sell this hot dog for a buck fifty. We are losing our rear ends.’ And he said, ‘If you raise the effing hot dog, I will kill you. Figure it out.’”
Setup. A low, famous price can define brand value perceptions (and sell 123 million hotdogs and $4.5 billion in revenue in 2024).
Move. Costco has made a conscious effort to keep its signature hot dog + soda combo to $1.50 for over 40 years – as a pricing strategy with symbolic significance. When your brand is providing the best value for your customers (predicated on a yearly membership fee), having a highly visible anchor/halo for the warehouse value promise is, well, invaluable.
Outcome. For the price of a cheap hotdog, Costco maintains a cultural touchstone that reinforces “we fight for value,” arguably lowering price sensitivity across the basket. It’s a price that maintains an iconic item, engenders brand loyalty, aligns with company values, and forces discipline in pricing across the company to ensure you make enough money to get a fair return.
Lessons.
Maintain a handful of iconic, never-raise items; make them visible and consistent to reinforce the company-wide value frame. The $1.50 hot-dog combo is Costco’s public anchor for “we fight for value,” priming every other price to feel fair. Plus, having repeatable anchors (see also, rotisserie chicken, gas) creates trust memory that suppresses price checking elsewhere.
Surface “effective cost” comparisons and message savings per trip/month to make the bundle’s economic value obvious. Foregrounding comparisons like “cost per meal,” “cost per ounce,” “cost per mile (gas),” “savings per trip vs. grocery” makes the total bundle’s EV obvious.
Framework:
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People assimilate judgments toward the first number they see – even when it’s arbitrary. In pricing, the first credible reference (premium tier, past price, full-bundle “compare-at”) sets the yardstick for everything that follows.
Takeaway: Put a true high anchor first. It will shift the perceived reasonableness of the following options.
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Customers carry internal “fair” prices formed by history, competitor brackets, and prior exposure. Current prices are judged against these references.
Takeaway: If you raise a price, pair it with a recognizable reference (DIY cost, documented market rate, verifiable past price) to reset expectations fairly.
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In research on shopping for DVD players, when shoppers saw two options, roughly two-thirds choose to buy one. When there was only one option, only ~10% were willing to buy. In other words, people are reluctant to commit when there’s no alternative to compare against. At the other extreme, large assortments can depress choice and satisfaction; research on “choice overload” finds that both too many and too few options can hurt outcomes, with an “optimal” band in the middle.
Takeaway: Design anchoring for a small set of clearly distinct options (often 2–4 well-spaced choices with a sensible “middle” recommendation) rather than a lone offer or a 9-tier grid.
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Anchoring isn’t just about what numbers you show. It’s also about how you lead people through choices. “Choice overload” is most likely when assortments are complex, tasks are hard, preferences are uncertain, and goals are fuzzy; in simpler contexts or with clear guidance, larger assortments don’t hurt and can even help. For operators, that argues for directional selling: lead with the option that best fits what you know about the buyer, explain why, and be explicit that not every tier is meant for them.
Takeaway: Don’t dump a menu and hope. Start with a recommended option anchored in their job-to-be-done, then show one or two meaningful alternatives so they feel in control without having to do the sorting themselves.
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Adding a clearly dominated option (think a $1099 power washer above a $799 one) can nudge customers toward your target (“Better”) by clarifying relative value. It works across categories, though context (e.g., time pressure) matters.
Takeaway: If you use a decoy, A/B test it and ensure it doesn’t cannibalize “Best” or feel manipulative. Kill quickly if margin/mix doesn’t improve.
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You get what you pay for (we assume). Across many studies, higher price modestly increases perceived quality (especially when credible cues are present).
Takeaway: A premium anchor can elevate quality perception, provided the promise and proof (SLA, materials, capacity) are real.
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$9.99 can feel materially lower than $10.00 when the leftmost digit changes; rounded prices can convey premium.
Takeaway: Use .99 for volume/value plays; prefer round numbers for prestige or B2B proposals.
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OPERATOR CHECKLIST
◻️ Our anchor type is true and provable (premium tier, full bundle, or documented compare-at).
◻️ For our middle option, we know the one-liner outcome it provides – and it’s obviously distinct from Good and Best.
◻️ We don’t have fake MSRPs or perpetual sales; our fairness story is written down.
◻️ Our price endings match the brand (round for premium; .99 or .95 for value/charm).
◻️ Any decoy is time-boxed and measured on mix + margin, not clicks.
SIGNAL TO WATCH
If buyers default to the cheapest option even when the premium solves the real pain your anchor isn’t credible or your middle option is muddy.
ONE QUICK ACTION
Put your Best option first with a single‑sentence premium promise (e.g., “Guaranteed 2‑day turnaround + on‑call support”). Make the middle option clearly buy that promise minus one outcome.
COMMON TRAPS
Fake “was $X” pricing. Inflated compare-at prices or perpetual “sales” train customers not to trust you and make every future anchor suspect.
Anchors that don’t map to reality. Promising “enterprise grade” at a bargain price with no proof (SLAs, support, capacity) makes all tiers feel like marketing, not real trade-offs.
Using the whole market as your yardstick. Copying a competitor’s high anchor when you serve a different segment (or deliver less value) sets you up for discounting and churn.
Crowded pages with too many numbers. Stacking fees, add-ons, and crossed-out prices on one screen blurs the anchor and pushes buyers to “just pick the cheapest.”
Decoys that are obviously manipulative. A junk tier nobody should buy (“$999 Basic” with worse terms than “$799 Standard”) can backfire and make customers question your motives.
Anchoring low in negotiation. Letting the buyer’s first number frame the whole conversation (especially in bespoke B2B deals) locks you into defending tiny moves instead of shaping scope and value.
Never refreshing the anchor. Keeping a legacy high anchor that no longer matches your best offer or current costs forces you into quiet discounting and erodes credibility over time.
Experiment 1:
PREMIUM+ AND DECOY TIER (+25%) EXPERIMENT
What it’s for: Test whether adding a real, higher-priced Premium+ option (as an anchor) increases selection of your target tier (usually Better) and improves price realization without spiking complaints or refunds.
Who it’s for: A pricing/PMM/growth owner who can change packaging in one channel (e.g., web) and track mix + basic outcomes.
What it does: Creates a clean anchor above your current Best — with a real promise and credible proof — and tests whether it changes how customers perceive and choose your existing tiers.
Use when you need…
Clarity: Reveals whether your ladder is anchored correctly.
Speed: Fast behavioral signal without replatforming.
Strategic insight: Teaches you what customers truly value (via trade-offs and objections).
Experiment 2:
ANCHOR CLARITY AND MIDDLE CLARITY CHECK
What it’s for: Choose the best anchor type for an offer and ensure the middle tier is crystal clear, so customers understand value differences and don’t default to the cheapest option.
Who it’s for: Product marketing/sales enablement/founder who writes offers and wants a fast clarity diagnostic.
What it does: Helps avoid mushy positioning: select a true anchor and make “Better” easy to explain in one sentence.
Use when you need…
Clarity: Makes the middle tier legible and defensible.
Speed: Produces usable copy and structure in 20 minutes.
Strategic insight: Forces explicit trade-offs where customers really decide.
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